Active Liquid Calcium Concentrate
1 Months Supply - 8.45 ozs (250 ml)
Retail Price: $19.99
Sale Price: $17.99

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Frequently Asked Questions

Liquid Calcium and
Calcium Supplements

	DR GUY ABRAHAM STUDY
The resuts of this study suggests that 500 mg of Calcium & 600 mg of Magnesium has a significant effect on reversing postmenopausal bone loss within a relatively short period of time.
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	ABSORPTION
"Based on research and clinical experience, plus the studies of world renowned experts, taking more than a low-dose calcium supplement is unnecessary and taking calcium alone is worthless. "
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	ALLERGY FREE
Active Liquid Calcium does not contain any Sugar, Yeast, Gluten, Wheat, Corn, Soy, Starch or Dairy Products.
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	AUTOSHIP ( USA Only)
AUTOSHIP = FREE SHIPPING We wil ship your order of any quantity for a $5 handling fee starting with your 2ND ORDER! NOTE: Miniumum Quantity = 2 bottles. Due to the high cost of shipping, if you fail to notify us that you want to cancel your 'Auto-ship' and we ship your order, then shipping costs and a 15% restocking fee will be deducted for any returned items.
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	BONE LOSS
When calcium intake is low or calcium is poorly absorbed, bone breakdown occurs because the body must use the calcium stored in bones to maintain normal biological functions such as nerve and muscle function. Bone loss also occurs as a part of the aging process. A prime example is the loss of bone mass observed in post-menopausal women because of decreased amounts of the hormone estrogen. Researchers have identified many factors that increase the risk for developing osteoporosis. These factors include being female, thin, inactive, of advanced age, cigarette smoking, excessive intake of alcohol, and having a family history of osteoporosis {26}.
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	BOOK (OSTEOPORSIS)
Just ask for a FREE copy of the book when you place your 1st order of Active Liquid Calcium
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	BORON
Boron is a trace element which has an important influence on both calcium and magnesium metabolism and helps in the manufacturer of vitamin D. Boron is concentrated in the bone, spleen, and thyroid indicating boron’s functions in bone metabolism and suggesting a potential role for boron in hormone metabolism. Boron also reduces calcium, magnesium and estrogen losses thus playing a major role in preventing bone loss. Boron is thought to be useful to increase muscle mass; increase muscle strength; maintain bone density; improve calcium absorption; decrease body fat.
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	CALCIUM
We use the same RATIO of calcium to magnesion as the Dr Guy Abraham study of 1 part calcium to 1.2 parts of Magnesium. - 250 mg calcium - 300 mg magnesium. Discrepancies in labeling can be deceptive and make people believe they are getting more calcium than they think they are. Unless the ingredients are in brackets ( ) you are only getting a fraction of the ingredient, e.g. Calcium Citrate 1000 mg is the same as Calcium (Citrate) 210 mg. Calcium citrate is the best calcium supplement for absorption but unfortunately it has a low calcium content. Active Liquid Calcium combines calcium citrate with the high calcium content of tri-calcium phosphate for the best of both worlds. NOTE: All our ingredients are 'ELEMENTAL'. e.g. Our 250 mg is ALL calcium.
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	CANCER
Although some research findings indicate a protective effect of calcium or low fat dairy foods against colon cancer, further studies are necessary to confirm this role for calcium.
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	CHROMIUM - GTF
Chromium deficiency severely impairs glucose tolerance. We have added Chromium - GTF, because without insulin, we are at risk for osteoporosis. (GTF stands for Glucose Tolerance Factor, which is the ability to regulate blood sugar level.) We use natural polynicotinate which is food based and organic. Other forms of chromium are inorganic such as chromium picolinate, chromium chloride and chromium chelate.
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	COPPER
Copper is a mineral found in trace amounts in all tissues in the body. Although only a small amount is needed, copper is an essential nutrient that plays a role in the production of hemoglobin (the main component of red blood cells), myelin (the substance that surrounds nerve fibers), collagen (a key component of bones and connective tissue), and melanin (a dark pigment that colors the hair and skin). Copper also works with vitamin C to help make a component of connective tissue known as elastin. Copper is known to activate the enzyme that produces elastic fibers in tissues. It is important to know that too much calcium depletes copper. We use a Lysine Complex which is the more natural form of Copper.
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	DIABETES
Chromium deficiency severely impairs glucose tolerance. We have added Chromium - GTF, because without insulin, we are at risk for osteoporosis. (GTF stands for Glucose Tolerance Factor, which is the ability to regulate blood sugar level.) We use natural polynicotinate which is food based and organic. Other forms of chromium are inorganic such as chromium picolinate, chromium chloride and chromium chelate.
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	DR GUY ABRAHAM STUDY
The resuts of this study suggests that 500 mg of Calcium & 600 mg of Magnesium has a significant effect on reversing postmenopausal bone loss within a relatively short period of time.
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	DR BETTY KAMEN PH.D
For more than half a century, Betty Kamen's voice has been heard in the developing arena called "The Nutrition Movement." She often refers to herself as the oldest "health nut" in the country, and for good reason. Betty Kamen, with graduate degrees in psychology and nutrition education, is internationally known as a distinguished author, lecturer, and nutrition consultant.
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	ERT/ WHI
Many women have stopped ERT/HRT and have changed to medications such as (Fosamax) and SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators); While medications may have a place for high risk individuals, the message is clear that these are not suitable alternatives for prevention.
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	FOOD
Check our list of foods that are the highest in calcium.
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	FOSIMAX
Many women have stopped ERT/HRT and have changed to medications such as (Fosamax) and SERMs (Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators); While medications may have a place for high risk individuals, the message is clear that these are not suitable alternatives for prevention.
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	FREE SHIPPING (USA ONLY)
AUTOSHIP: We wil ship your order of any quantity for a $5 handling fee starting with your 2ND ORDER! NOTE: Miniumum Quantity = 2 bottles. Due to the high cost of shipping, if you fail to notify us that you want to cancel your 'Auto-ship' and we ship your order, then shipping costs and a 15% restocking fee will be deducted for any returned items.
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	G & B DISEASE
Active Liquid Calcium uses specific ingredients that reduce the chance of the dreaded G & B disease (Gas & Burp)
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	ELEMENTAL CALCIUM
Discrepancies in labeling can be deceptive and make people believe they are getting more calcium than they think they are. Unless the ingredients are in brackets ( ) you are only getting a fraction of the ingredient, e.g. Calcium Citrate 1000 mg is the same as Calcium (Citrate) 210 mg.
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	HORSETAIL HERB
Silica, also known as Silicon, is derived from the horsetail herb and is the most abundant element on the planet. Our body needs it for the formation of collagen for bones and connective tissue; for healthy nails, skin, and hair; and for calcium absorption in the early stages of bone formation.
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	HARVARD NURSES STUDY
78,000 Harvard nurses were studied over a period of 12 years and showed that milk is not the answer for your calcium needs.
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	HYDROXYAPATITE
Active Liquid Calcium does not use hydroxyapatite because it is bovine (animal product) and could be a source of Mad Cow Disease and there's a possibility of getting Hydroxyapatite Crystal Disease.
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	INGREDIENTS
Magnesium, Vitamin D and other essential nutrients are vitally important to control calcium. These nutrients are the key to maximum calcium utilization. Without these vital nutrients, you could be overdosing on calcium. When calcium alone is taken in a high dosage, calcium absorption actually decreases. This is an example of your body’s control mechanism protecting you from toxicity.
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	MINERALS
We use the ingredients and COFACTORS recommend by Dr Betty Kamens book "Startling New Facts About Osteoporosis"
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	MILK
"Almost all foods which contain lactose are processed, hard to digest and generally do not enhance immune capacity or bone health. And that includes milk! (It has even been shown that lactose increases cholesterol.)
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	MAGNESIUM
The mineral magnesium is important for every organ in the body, particularly the heart, muscles, and kidneys. It also contributes to the composition of teeth and bones. Most importantly, it activates enzymes, contributes to energy production, and helps regulate calcium levels as well as copper, zinc, potassium, vitamin D, and other important nutrients in the body. Without enough magnesium, calcium can collect in the soft tissues and cause one type of arthritis. Not only does calcium collect in the soft tissues of arthritics, it is poorly, if at all, absorbed into their blood and bones. But taking more calcium is not the answer; it only amplifies the problem. In fact, excessive calcium intake and insufficient magnesium can contribute to both of these diseases. Magnesium taken in proper dosages can solve the problem of calcium deficiency. Magnesium is available in many foods. However, most people in the United States probably do not get as much magnesium as they should from their diet. We use Magnesium Citrate which is the natural form of Magnesium.
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	MANGANESE
Manganese is a mineral found in large quantities in both plant and animal matter. Only trace amounts of this element can be found in human tissue, however. Manganese is predominantly stored in the bones, liver, kidney, and pancreas. It aids in the formation of connective tissue, bones, blood-clotting factors, and sex hormones and plays a role in fat and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium absorption, and blood sugar regulation. Manganese is also necessary for normal brain and nerve function. Bran and foods high in phosphorous and low in calcium deplete manganese. We use Manganese Citrate which is the natural form of Manganese.
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	OSTEOPOROSIS
"There is no doubt that everyone's diet should be adequate in all nutrients, including calcium. Sufficient calcium through food consumption implies an overall adequate diet, especially relating to the intake of Vitamin D, phosphorous, protein, B-complex vitamins and energy."
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	OVERDOSING
A report in the American Jounal of Medicine suggests that the reason you are absorbing LESS calcium when consuming MORE is to shield you from toxicity. (50) Too much calcium, in the absence of its metabolic cofactors, is regarded as TOXIC."
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	PHOSPHORUS
Calcium and phosphorus work closely together build strong bones and teeth. Phosphorus is also needed to balance and metabolize other vitamins and minerals, including vitamin D, calcium, iodine, magnesium and zinc
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	SILICA/SILICON
Silica, also known as Silicon, is derived from the horsetail herb and is the most abundant element on the planet. Our body needs it for the formation of collagen for bones and connective tissue; for healthy nails, skin, and hair; and for calcium absorption in the early stages of bone formation. Bone growth involves the process of adding calcium for hardness, plus increasing collagen. Silicon is essential for both of these processes. Among the known catalysts that facilitate the functions of silicon indirectly are magnesium, manganese, potassium and boron. We use organic silicon found in horsetail. It is believed to promote bone and cartilage formation and is useful for treating brittle nails and related conditions.
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	SELENIUM
Selenium is an essential mineral found in trace amounts in the human body. It works as an antioxidant, especially when combined with vitamin E, by scavenging damaging particles in the body known as free radicals. These particles occur naturally in the body but can damage cell membranes, interact with genetic material, and possibly contribute to the aging process as well as the development of a number of conditions including heart disease and cancer. We use Sodium Selenomethionine which is the more natural form of Selenium.
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	SUGAR FREE
Active Liquid Calcium does not use any sugar or artificial sweetener. We use Stevia for natural flavoring, which has been used for nearly many decades by South American indians.
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	VITAMIN D
Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin found in certain foods and is manufactured in the skin as a result of direct exposure to sunlight. The liver and kidneys convert vitamin D from food sources or sunlight to its active form, calcitriol. Vitamin D helps the body maintain healthy levels of calcium and phosphorus and is therefore essential for building and maintaining healthy bones. Calcium, which is the principal element in bone, can be absorbed by the body only when vitamin D is present. Vitamin D and calcium are involved in many body functions, including keeping the immune and nervous systems healthy. Low concentrations of Vitamin D may lead to malabsorption of calcium and bone loss to an even greater degree in older house-bound people. [31] Our sedentary lifestyle, coupled with our poor dietary intake, is undoubtedly a major contributor to bone disease. We use Vitamin D3 cholecalciferol which is the better form of vitamin D.
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	WORLDWIDE
Osteoporosis and its resulting bone fractures are most common in countries where dairy consumption is highest: Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Scandinavian countries. The rate of osteoporosos is higher in countries that consume a higher level of Calcium than Magnesium
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	ZINC
Zinc is an essential trace mineral, which means that it must be obtained from the diet since the body cannot make enough. Too much calcium reduces zinc absorption in bone. [27] Zinc is an essential trace mineral, which means that it must be obtained from the diet since the body cannot make enough. Next to iron, zinc is the most abundant trace mineral in the body. Stored primarily in muscle, zinc is also found in high concentrations in red and white blood cells, the retina of the eye, bones, skin, kidneys, liver, and pancreas. In men, the prostate gland stores high amounts of zinc. Zinc plays an important role in the immune system, which may explain why it is helpful in protecting against infections such as colds. Zinc also plays a role in the regulation of appetite, stress level, taste, and smell. It is important to know that too much calcium reduces zinc absorption in bone. We use Zinc Citrate which is the natural form of Zinc.
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ACTIVE LIQUID CALCIUM uses all the cofactors recommended by Dr Betty Kamen Ph.D. and the calcium/magnesium ratio from the Dr Guy Abraham Ph.D. study of 1.2 to 1 of magnesium over calcium.

See total ingredients on products page.

"Americans drink more milk than the people of any other nation. Yet we have the higest incidence of bone problems."

Dr Betty Kamen Ph.D

Why is this so?...Find out by reading her book!

Book details

1. Shils ME. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 9th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1999.
2. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D and Fluoride. Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 1997.
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Results from the United States Department of Agriculture's 1994-96 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals/Diet and Health Knowledge Survey. 1994-96.
4. Subar AF, Krebs-Smith SM, Cook A, Kahle LL. Dietary sources of nutrients among US adults. J Am Diet Assoc 1998;98:537-47.
5. Weaver CM, Proulx WR, Heaney RP. Choices for achieving adequate dietary calcium with a vegetarian diet. Am J Clin Nutr 1999;70:543S-8S.
6. U.S. Department of Agriculture ARS. USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference Release 16. Nutrient Data Laboratory Home Page. 2003. www.ars.usda.gov
7. Pennington J, Bowes A, Church H. Bowes & Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used. 17th ed: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Publishers, 1998.
8. Heaney RP, Dowell MS, Rafferty K, Bierman J. Bioavailability of the calcium in fortified soy imitation milk, with some observations on method. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:1166-69.
9. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), United States Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Home and Garden Bulletin No. 232. 2000.
10. United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. Food Guide Pyramid. 1992 (slightly revised 1996). www.nal.usda.gov.
11. NIH. National Institutes of Health consensus statement: Optimal calcium intake. 1994;12:1-31.
12. Heaney RP, Recker RR, Stegman MR, Moy AJ. Calcium absorption in women: Relationships to calcium intake, estrogen status, and age. J Bone Miner Res 1989;4:469-75.
13. Heaney RP, Weaver CM, Fitzsimmons ML. Soybean phytate content: Effect on calcium absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:745-47.
14. Heaney RP. Bone mass, nutrition, and other lifestyle factors. Nutr Rev 1996;54:S3-S10.
15. Sellmeyer DE, Schloetter M, Sebastian A. Potassium citrate prevents increased urine calcium excretion and bone resorption induced by a high sodium chloride diet. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:2008-12.
16. Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate. Washington DC: The National Academies Press, 2004.
17. Barrett-Connor E, Chang JC, Edelstein SL. Coffee-associated osteoporosis offset by daily milk consumption. JAMA 1994;271:280-83.
18. Massey LK, Whiting SJ. Caffeine, urinary calcium, calcium metabolism, and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1611-14.
19. Calvo MS. Dietary phosphorus, calcium metabolism and bone. J Nutr 1993;123:1627-1633.
20. Heaney RP, Rafferty K. Carbonated beverages and urinary calcium excretion. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:343-47.
21. Hirsch PE, Peng TC. Effects of alcohol on calcium homeostasis and bone. In: Anderson J, Garner S, eds. Calcium and Phosphorus in Health and Disease. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1996:289-300.
22. NIH. Osteoporosis prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. NIH Consensus Statement Online 2000 March 27-29, 2000:1-36.
23. Riggs BL, Melton L. The worldwide problem of osteoporosis: Insights afforded by epidemiology. Bone 1995;17:505S-511S.
24. National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. Washington, DC: National Academy Press 1989;Report of the subcommittee on the tenth edition of the RDAs, Food and Nutrition Board, and the Commission on Life Sciences.
25. Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2000: National Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Objectives. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office 1990;DHHS Publ. No (PHS) 91-50212:466-67.
26. National Osteoporosis Foundation. NOF osteoporosis prevention - risk factors for osteoporosis. 2003. http://www.nof.org/prevention/risk.htm.
27. Food and Drug Administration. Health Claims: calcium and osteoporosis. 1993.
28. National Osteoporosis Foundation. Bone mineral density testing: What the numbers mean. NOF, Bone Health Updates. 2001. http://www.nof.org/osteoporosis/bmdtest.htm.
29. Rouse IL, Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, Vandongen R. Blood-pressure-lowering effect of a vegetarian diet: controlled trial in normotensive subjects. Lancet 1983;1:5-10.
30. Margetts BM, Beilin L, Armstrong BK, Vandongen R. Vegetarian diet in the treatment of mild hypertension: a randomized controlled trial. J Hypertens 1985:S429-31.
31. Beilin LJ, Armstrong BK, Margetts BM, Rouse IL, Vandongen R. Vegetarian diet and blood pressure. Nephron 1987;47:37-41.
32. Allender PS, Cutler JA, Follmann D, Cappuccio FP, Pryer J, Elliott P. Dietary calcium and blood pressure. Ann Intern Med 1996;124:825-831.
33. Bucher HC, Cook RJ, Guyatt GH, et al. Effects of dietary calcium supplementation on blood pressure. JAMA 1996;275:1016-1022.
34. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:1117-24.
35. Miller GD, DiRienzo DD, Reusser M, McCarron D. Benefits of dairy product consumption on blood pressure in humans:A summary of the biomedical literature. J Am Coll Nutr 2000;19:147S-164S.
36. McCarron D, Reusser M. Finding consensus in the dietary calcium-blood pressure debate. J Am Coll Nutr 1999;18:398S-405S.
37. Vollmer W, Sacks FM, Ard J, et al. Effect of diet and sodium intake on blood pressure: subgroup analysis of the DASH-Sodium trial. Ann Intern Med 2001;135:1019-28.
38. Slattery M, Edwards S, Boucher K, Anderson K, Caan B. Lifestyle and colon cancer: An Assessment of Factors Associated with Risk. Am J Epidemiol 1999;150:869-77.
39. Kampman E, Slattery M, Bette C, Potter J. Calcium, vitamin D, sunshine exposure, dairy products, and colon cancer risk. Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:459-66.
40. Holt P, Atillasoy E, Gilman J, et al. Modulation of abnormal colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation by low-fat dairy foods. JAMA 1998;280:1074-79.
41. Biasco G, Paganelli M. European trials on dietary supplementation for cancer prevention. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1999;889:152-156.
42. Baron JA, Beach M, Mandel JS, et al. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. N Engl J Med 1999;340:101-7.
43. Wu K, Willett WC, Fuchs CS, Colditz GA, Giovannucci EL. Calcium intake and risk of colon cancer in women and men. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:437-46.
44. Bergsma-Kadijk JA, van't Veer P, Kampman E, Burema J. Calcium does not protect against colorectal neoplasia. Epidemiology 1996;7:590-597.
45. Cascinu S, Del Ferro E, Cioccolini P. Effects of calcium and vitamin supplementation on colon cancer cell proliferation in colorectal cancer. Cancer Invest 2000;18:411-416.
46. Martinez ME, Willett WC. Calcium, vitamin D, and colorectal cancer: A review of epidemiologic evidence. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7:163-68.
47. Chan JM, Stampfer MJ, Gann PH, Gaziano JM, Giovannucci EL. Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk in the Physicians Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2001;74:549-54.
48. Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, Wolk A, et al. Calcium and fructose intake in relation to risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Res 1998;58:442-447.
49. Chan JM, Giovannucci E, Andersson SO, Yuen J, Adami HO, Wok A. Dairy products, calcium, phosphorous, vitamin D, and risk of prostate cancer (Sweden). Cancer Causes Control 1998;9:559-566.
50. Chan JM, Giovannucci EL. Dairy products, calcium, and vitamin D and risk of prostate cancer. Epidemiol Rev 2001;23:87-92.
51. Chan JM, Pietinen P, Virtanen M, et al. Diet and prostate cancer risk in a cohort of smokers, with a specific focus on calcium and phosphorus (Finland). Cancer Causes Control 2000;11:859-67.
52. Schuurman AG, Van den Brandt PA, Dorant E, Goldbohm RA. Animal products, calcium and protein and prostate cancer risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study. Br J Cancer 1999;80:1107-13.
53. Kristal AR, Stanford JL, Cohen JH, Wicklund K, Patterson RE. Vitamin and mineral supplement use is associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1999;8:887-92.
54. Vlajinac HD, Marinkovic JM, Ilic MD, Kocev NI. Diet and prostate cancer: a case-control study. Eur J Cancer 1997;33:101-7.
55. Curhan G, Willett WC, Rimm E, Stampher MJ. A prospective study of dietary calcium and other nutrients and the risk of symptomatic kidney stones. N Engl J Med 1993;328:833-8.
56. Bihl G, Meyers A. Recurrent renal stone disease-advances in pathogenesis and clinical management. Lancet 2001;358:651-56.
57. Hall WD, Pettinger M, Oberman A, et al. Risk factors for kidney stones in older women in the Southern United States. Am J Med Sci 2001;322:12-18.
58. Borghi L, Schianchi T, Meschi T, et al. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria. N Engl J Med 2002;346:77-84.
59. Davies KM, Heaney RP, Recker RR, Lappe JM, Barger-Lux MJ, Rafferty K, Hinders S. Calcium intake and body weight. J. Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4635-8.
60. Heaney RP. Normalizing calcium intake: projected population effects for body weight. J Nutr 2003;133:268S-70S.
61. Parikh SJ, Yanovski JA. Calcium intake and adiposity. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:281-7.
62. Zemel MB. Regulation of adiposity and obesity risk by dietary calcium: mechanisms and implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:146S-51S.
63. Jacobsen R, Lorenzen JK, Toubro S, Krog-Mikkelsen I, Astrup A. Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion. Int J Obes 2005;29:292-301.
64. Heaney RP. Calcium and weight: clinical studies. J Am Coll Nutr 2002;21:152S-5S.
65. Shi H, DiRienzo DD, Zemel MB. Effects of dietary calcium on adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight regulation in energy-restricted aP2-agouti transgenic mice. FASEB J 2001;15:291-3.
66. Zemel MB, Shi H, Greer B, DiRienzo D, Zemel P. Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J 2000;14:1132-8.
67. Zemel MB, Thompson W, Milstead A, Morris K, Campbell P. Calcium and dairy acceleration of weight and fat loss during energy restriction in obese adults. Obes Res 2004;12:582-90.
68. Zemel MB, Richards J, Mathis S, Milstead A, Gebhardt L, Silva E. Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int J Obes 2005;29:391-7.(a)
69. Zemel MB, Richards J, Milstead A, Campbell P. Effects of calcium and dairy loss on body composition and weight loss in African-American adults. Obes Res 2005;13:1-8. (b)
70. Barr SI. Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans? J Nutr 2003;133:245S-8S.
71. Gunther CW, Legowski PA, Lyle RM, McCabe GP, Eagan MS, Peacock M, Teegarden D. Dairy products do not lead to alterations in body weight or fat mass in young women in a 1-y intervention. Am J Clin Nutr 2005;81:751-6.
72. Shapses SA, Heshka S, Heymsfield SB. Effect of calcium supplementation on weight and fat loss in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:632-7.
73. Reid IR, Horne A, Mason B, Ames R, Bava U, Gamble GD. Effects of calcium supplementation on body weight and blood pressure in normal older women: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:3824-9.
74. Sakhaee K, Maalouf NM. Editorial: dietary calcium, obesity and hypertension—the end of the road? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;90:4411-3.
75. Gallagher JC, Goldgar D, Moy A. Total bone calcium in women: Effect of age and menopause status. J Bone Min Res 1987;2:491-96.
76. Breslau NA. Calcium, estrogen, and progestin in the treatment of osteoporosis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1994;20:691-716.
77. Gallagher JC, Riggs BL, Deluca HF. Effect of estrogen on calcium absorption and serum vitamin D metabolites in postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980;51:1359-64.
78. Daniels CE. Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis prevention in postmenopausal women. Pharmacy Update-NIH 2001;March/April.
79. Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE, Krall EA, Sadowski L, Sahyoun N, Tannenbaum S. A controlled trial of the effect of calcium supplementation on bone density in postmenopausal women. N Engl J Med 1990;323:878-83.
80. Elders PJ, Lips P, Netelenbos JC, et al. Long-term effect of calcium supplementation on bone loss in perimenopausal women. J Bone Min Res 1994;9:963-70.
81. Menopausal hormone therapy: Summary of a scientific workshop. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:361-364.
82. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Questions and answers on hormone therapy. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists Web site response to the WHI study results on estrogen and progestin hormone therapy. 2002.
83. The North American Menopause Society. Position Statement: Role of progestrogen in hormone therapy for postmenopausal women: position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause 2003;10:113-132.
84. American College of Sports Medicine. Menstrual cycle dysfunction. Current comment from the American College of Sports Medicine, October 2000.
85. Abrams SA, Silber TJ, Esteban NV, et al. Mineral balance and bone turnover in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1993;123:326-331.
86. Drinkwater B, Bruemner B, Chesnut C. Menstrual history as a determinant of current bone density in young athletes. JAMA 1990;263:545-48.
87. Marcus R, Cann C, Madvig P, et al. Menstrual function and bone mass in elite women distance runners: Endocrine and metabolic features. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:158-63.
88. Nattiv A. Stress fractures and bone health in track and field athletes. J Sci Med Sport 2000;3:268-79.
89. Subcommittee on Body Composition and Nutrition and Health of Military Women, Committee on Military Nutrition Research, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Reducing Stress Fracture in Physically Active Military Women. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1998.
90. Johnson AO, Semenya JG, Buchowski MS, Enwonwu CO, Scrimshaw NS. Correlation of lactose maldigestion, lactose intolerance, and milk intolerance. Am J Clin Nutr 1993;57:399-401.
91. Nose O, Iida Y, Kai H, Harada T, Ogawa M, Yabuuchi H. Breath hydrogen test for detecting lactose malabsorption in infants and children: Prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Japanese children and adults. Arch Dis Child 1979;54:436-40.
92. Rao DR, Bello H, Warren AP, Brown GE. Prevalence of lactose maldigestion: Influence and interaction of age, race, and sex. Dig Dis Sci 1994;39:1519-24.
93. Coffin B, Azpiroz F, Guarner F, Mlagelada JR. Selective gastric hypersensitivity and reflex hyporeactivity in functional dyspepsia. Gastroenterology 1994;107:1345-51.
94. Horowitz M, Wishart J, Mundy L, Nordin BEC. Lactose and calcium absorption in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:534-36.
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(A) The National Osteoporosis Foundation Fifth International Symposium. (March 9) Dr. Robert Heaney of Creighton University, a principal scientist at Creighton's Osteoporosis Research Center;